Total Health Clinic

ANNOUNCER: Section 1. You will hear a woman talking to a doctor at a clinic about a medical problem. First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 4. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.

CARL: Hi, come and take a seat.

JULIE: Thank you.

CARL: My name is Carl Rogers, and I'm one of the doctors here at the Total Health Clinic. So, I understand this is your first visit to the clinic.

JULIE: Yes, it is.

CARL: OK, well I hope you'll be very happy with the service you receive here. So if it's all right with you, I'll take a few details to help me give you the best possible service.

JULIE: Sure.

CARL: So, can I check first of all that we have the correct personal details for you? So your full name is Julie Anne Garcia.

JULIE: That's correct.

ANNOUNCER: The woman's name is Julie Anne Garcia. So Garcia has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen, because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 4.

CARL: Hi, come and take a seat.

JULIE: Thank you.

CARL: My name is Carl Rogers, and I'm one of the doctors here at the Total Health Clinic. So, I understand this is your first visit to the clinic.

JULIE: Yes, it is.

CARL: OK, well I hope you'll be very happy with the service you receive here. So if it's all right with you, I'll take a few details to help me give you the best possible service.

JULIE: Sure.

CARL: So can I check first of all that we have the correct personal details for you? So your full name is Julie Anne Garcia.

JULIE: That's correct.

CARL: Perfect. And can I have a contact phone number?

JULIE: It's 2194429785. 1

CARL: OK, and then can I just check that we have the correct date of birth?

JULIE: October 10th, 1992. 2

CARL: Oh, I actually have 1991. I'll just correct that now. Right, so that's all good.

CARL: Now I just need a few more personal details. Do you have an occupation, either full-time or part-time?

JULIE: Yes, I work full time in Esterhazy's, the restaurant chain. I started as a waitress there and I'm a manager now. 3

CARL: Oh, I know them. They're down on 114th Street, aren't they?

JULIE: That's right.

CARL: One more thing before we talk about why you're here. What's the name of your insurance company?

JULIE: It's Cawley Life Insurance. That's CAWLEY. 4

CARL: Excellent, thank you.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 5 to 10. Now listen and answer questions 5 to 10.

CARL: Now Julie, tell me a little about what brought you here today.

JULIE: I've been getting a pain in my left knee. It wasn't serious at first, but it's getting worse. 5

CARL: How long have you been aware of this pain?

JULIE: It's been about three weeks since I first noticed it. 6

CARL: Have you taken any medication?

JULIE: Yes, I've taken Tylenol for the pain.

CARL: Do you play any sports regularly?

JULIE: Yes, I play tennis a lot. 7

CARL: Any other exercise?

JULIE: I usually go running three or four times a week. 8

CARL: Have you had any injuries before?

JULIE: Yes, I slipped last year and hurt my shoulder, but it's fine now. 9

CARL: Do you take any regular medication?

JULIE: Only vitamins. I'm generally very healthy. 10

CARL: OK, let's have a closer look and see what might be causing this problem.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of section 1. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Visit to Branley Castle

ANNOUNCER: Section 2. You will hear a guide talking to a group of tourists who are about to visit an English castle. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 15. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 15.

SPEAKER: We'll be arriving at Branley Castle in about five minutes, but before we get there I'll give you some information about the castle and what our visit will include.

SPEAKER: There has actually been a castle on this site for over 1,100 years. The first building was a fort, constructed in 914 AD to defend against Danish invaders.

SPEAKER: It was built by King Alfred the Great’s daughter, who ruled England at the time.

SPEAKER: In the following century, after the Normans conquered England, the land was given to a nobleman called Richard de Vere.

SPEAKER: He built a castle there that stayed in the de Vere family for over 400 years.

SPEAKER: However, when Queen Elizabeth I announced that she would visit the castle in 1576, it was beginning to look rather run down.

SPEAKER: Instead of repairing the guest rooms, it was decided to build a new wooden house for her next to the main hall. 11

SPEAKER: She stayed there for four nights, and it was apparently very luxurious, but sadly it was destroyed by fire a few years later.

SPEAKER: In the 17th century, the castle belonged to the wealthy Fenys family, who enlarged it and made it more comfortable.

SPEAKER: However, by 1982 they could no longer afford to maintain it, even with government support, and it was eventually taken over by a company that owned several amusement parks. 12

SPEAKER: Inside the State Rooms you’ll see lifelike moving wax models dressed in costumes from different historical periods.

SPEAKER: These models even carry on conversations with each other. 13

SPEAKER: In addition, every room contains information booklets explaining the purpose of the room and the history of the objects and furniture.

SPEAKER: The castle park is quite extensive. In the past sheep were kept there, and in the 19th century the owners even kept a small zoo.

SPEAKER: Today the old zoo buildings are used for public displays of paintings and sculpture. 14

SPEAKER: You are free to explore the castle until 4:30. After that we’ll meet at the bottom of the great staircase.

SPEAKER: We will then go to the Long Gallery, and finally to the conservatory where afternoon tea with tea and cakes will be served. 15

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 16 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 16 to 20.

SPEAKER: If you look at your plan, you’ll see Branley Castle has four towers joined by a high wall, with the river on two sides.

SPEAKER: Don’t miss the Great Hall, which is in the main tower near the river.

SPEAKER: For a good view of the castle, you can walk along the walls. The starting point is near the main entrance. Walk down the path to the south gate. 16

SPEAKER: Soon there will be a show where archers demonstrate their skills with a bow and arrow. 17

SPEAKER: There is also a display of hunting birds such as falcons and eagles. 18

SPEAKER: At 3 pm there will be a performance of traditional dancing on the outdoor stage. 19

SPEAKER: Finally, there is a shop inside one of the towers, although the entrance is from outside. 20

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

Woolly Mammoths

ANNOUNCER: Section 3. You will hear two environmental science students called Rosie and Marti discussing their presentation on an extinct animal called the woolly mammoth with their tutor. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24. Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.

TUTOR: So, Rosie and Martin, let's look at what you've got for your presentation on woolly mammoths.

ROSIE: OK, we've got a short outline here.

TUTOR: Thanks. So it's about a research project in North America?

MARTIN: Yes, but we thought we needed something general about woolly mammoths in the introduction.

MARTIN: To show that they were related to modern elephants and that they lived thousands of years ago during the last Ice Age.

ROSIE: Maybe we could show a video clip of a cartoon about mammoths.

ROSIE: But that might be childish. Or we could show a diagram timeline with illustrations showing when they lived. 21

MARTIN: Yes, let's go with your last suggestion. 21

TUTOR: Good. Then you describe the discovery of the mammoth tooth on St Paul’s Island in Alaska?

ROSIE: Yes. The tooth was found by a researcher called Russell Graham. It was in excellent condition.

ROSIE: They later discovered that it was about 6,500 years old.

TUTOR: And why was that important?

ROSIE: Because previously discovered mammoth bones on the mainland were much older. 22

MARTIN: Next we'll show an animated diagram explaining the geography of the area in prehistoric times. 23

MARTIN: Originally St Paul’s Island was connected to the mainland, so mammoths could roam across the area.

ROSIE: Later, as the climate warmed and the sea level rose, the island became separated.

MARTIN: That meant the mammoths on the island became isolated.

TUTOR: So how did researchers determine when they became extinct?

MARTIN: They found that the mammoths died out about 5,600 years ago. 24

MARTIN: This was determined by studying samples of mud from the bottom of a lake on the island.

MARTIN: They analyzed materials like plant remains, volcanic ash, and even traces of mammoth DNA.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30. Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.

TUTOR: Now go through the main sections of your presentation and decide what action is needed.

MARTIN: For the introduction we're using a visual, so once that's ready, we're finished.

ROSIE: I'm not sure. I think we should write down the key ideas rather than relying on memory. 25

MARTIN: You're right.

ROSIE: For the section about the discovery of the tooth, maybe we could contact the researcher who led the team and ask for more information. 26

MARTIN: That's a good idea.

ROSIE: For the section about the researchers’ questions, maybe we could ask the audience to suggest some questions. 27

TUTOR: Yes, that would make it more interactive.

MARTIN: In the section about analyzing lake mud, we might need to organize the information more clearly.

ROSIE: Yes, maybe we should present it in chronological order. 28

ROSIE: The section on findings is almost ready, but we should practice it so it doesn't go over time. 29

TUTOR: Finally, in the section about present-day relevance, you should include your own opinions, not just those of other researchers. 30

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

History of Weather Forecasting

ANNOUNCER: Section 4. You will hear a lecture about the history of weather forecasting. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

SPEAKER: In this series of lectures about the history of weather forecasting, I'll begin by examining its early history. That will be the focus of today's talk.

SPEAKER: We'll start by going back thousands of years. Most ancient cultures had weather gods, and natural disasters such as floods often played an important role in creation myths.

SPEAKER: Weather was usually believed to be controlled by the whims of the gods. For example, the Egyptians worshipped the sun god Ra, while the Norse believed in Thor, the god of thunder and lightning.

SPEAKER: Many ancient societies performed rituals such as dances in order to please the weather gods. 31

SPEAKER: Observing the sky carefully was extremely important because people depended on correct predictions for their survival. 32

SPEAKER: Around 650 BC, the Babylonians produced the first short-range weather forecasts, based on their observations of clouds and other natural signs. 33

SPEAKER: In China, by about 300 BC, astronomers had created a calendar dividing the year into 24 seasonal periods, each linked to a particular weather pattern. 34

SPEAKER: The ancient Greeks introduced a more scientific way of thinking about the weather. In 340 BC, the philosopher Aristotle wrote a book explaining how rain, clouds, winds and storms formed.

SPEAKER: He also described phenomena such as haloes and comets. 35

SPEAKER: During the Middle Ages, weather knowledge was often passed down through sayings such as “Red sky at night, shepherd’s delight.” 36

SPEAKER: For centuries forecasts relied on simple observation. In the 15th century, scientists began to develop instruments. Before that, people mainly used weather vanes to show wind direction and early rain gauges. 37

SPEAKER: One important invention was the hygrometer, which measured humidity.

SPEAKER: In 1592, the Italian scientist Galileo invented the first thermometer. 38

SPEAKER: Later, his student Torricelli created the barometer, which measures atmospheric pressure.

SPEAKER: In the 18th century, Benjamin Frankli studied storms and discovered that they usually move from west to east. 39

SPEAKER: In the mid-19th century, the invention of the telegraph allowed weather observations from different places to be collected and compared. 40

SPEAKER: By the end of the 19th century, this led to the creation of the first national weather services. Later, in the early 20th century, mathematics and physics became essential tools in meteorology.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.