ANNOUNCER: Section 1. You will hear a telephone conversatio between a passenger and an official at the Land Transport Information Service at Toronto Airport. First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.

MAN: Hello, this is Land Transport Information at Toronto Airport. How may I help you?

WOMAN: Oh, good morning. I'm flying to Toronto Airport next week, and I need to get to a town called Milto . Could you tell me how I can get there?

MAN: Milton, did you say? Let me see. I think that's about 150 miles southwest of here. In fact, it's 147 miles to be exact. So it'll take you about three to four hours by road.

ANNOUNCER: The distance from the airport to Milton is 147 miles, so 147 has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen, because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.

MAN: Hello, this is Land Transport Information at Toronto Airport. How may I help you?

WOMAN: Oh, good morning. I'm flying to Toronto Airport next week, and I need to get to a town called Milton. Could you tell me how I can get there?

MAN: Milton, did you say? Let me see. That's about 147 miles southwest of here. It'll take around three to four hours by road.

WOMAN: Wow! Is it as far as that?

MAN: Yes, I'm afraid so. But you have several transport options. You could rent a car here at the airport.

WOMAN: I don't really want to drive myself. I'd prefer public transport.

MAN: In that case, the quickest and most comfortable is a cab, but it's expensive. You could also take a Greyhound bus, or an airport shuttle service.

WOMAN: The cab sounds too expensive. How much is the bus?

MAN: The Greyhound bus costs $15 one way or $27.50 retur .

WOMAN: That's cheap. Where does it stop in Milton?

MAN: It goes directly to the city center. But there is only one departure a day.

WOMAN: My flight arrives at 11:30 am.

MAN: The bus leaves at 3:45 pm, so you would have to wait more than four hours.

WOMAN: Oh, that's a long wait. What about the shuttle?

MAN: The airport shuttle is a door-to-door service that takes you directly to your hotel or private address. There is one every two hours.

WOMAN: How much does that cost?

MAN: It costs $35 one way or $65 retur .

WOMAN: That sounds reasonable, especially if it goes straight to the hotel.

MAN: But you need to reserve a seat.

WOMAN: Can I book now?

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10. Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.

MAN: What date would you like to book?

WOMAN: The 17th of October.

MAN: I'll book the shuttle for 12:30 pm. That should give you time to collect your baggage.

WOMAN: That sounds fine.

MAN: May I have your name please?

WOMAN: Janet Thomson.

MAN: What flight will you be arriving on?

WOMAN: Air Canada flight AC936 from London Heathrow.

MAN: And where will you be staying?

WOMAN: The Vacation Motel, 24 Kitchener Street.

MAN: The fare is $35. Could I have your credit card number please?

WOMAN: Yes, it's 3303845020456837.

MAN: Thank you. Have a good trip.

WOMAN: Thanks for your help.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 1. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 2. You will hear a representative from a holiday company called PS Camping giving a talk about the holidays the company organizes. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 16. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 16.

SPEAKER: Thank you all for coming to my talk this evening. It's nice to see so many people here.

For those of you who don't know much about PS Camping, let me start with some background informatio .

The company started 25 years ago as a retail chain selling camping equipment.

Then 20 years ago, it bought several camp sites in the UK and began offering camping holidays.

The company expanded quickly and has been providing holidays in continental Europe for the last 15 years.

If you book with us, you can choose from over 300 camping sites.

In Italy, we currently have about 64 sites which we either own or have exclusive use of.

France has the largest number of our sites, and we are planning to expand into Switzerland.

We also have several sites in northern Spai , especially in the mountain region of Picos de Europa.

These Spanish sites were originally rated three stars, but we have significantly upgraded them.

Our holidays provide excellent family facilities.

Children can take part in many daily activities organized by our trained staff.

Each day usually begins with a sports match, such as football or volleyball.

This is followed by an hour of drama activities, which may include singing, dancing, or mime.

In the afternoon there is a different art activity each day, such as a poster competitio or model making.

Our campsites are very child-friendly, and to maintain comfort we operate a no-noise rule in the evenings.

Children’s activities usually end around 9:30 pm or sometimes 10 pm.

From 10:30 pm, everyone is expected to keep quiet in the tent areas.

We also require customers to have holiday insurance.

If you don't already have an annual insurance policy, you must take our low-cost insurance cover when booking.

Regular customers receive special offers, and their friends can get 10% discount or upgrade to a luxury tent for the price of a standard tent.

In return, customers receive a thank-you gift chosen from a list of high-quality items.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 17 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.

SPEAKER: Our tents are equipped to a very high standard.

They include an ove and gas cooking rings, as well as mirrors in the sleeping areas.

If you prefer cooking outdoors, you can request a barbecue in advance.

There is also a picnic blanket for outdoor seating.

Inside the tent you will find a box of games and toys, and additional children’s tents can also be hired.

All tents contain a fridge.

You can also borrow a cool box to keep food and drinks cold during day trips.

Our campsites provide excellent washing facilities, including washing machines and clothes lines.

Cleaning equipment like mops and buckets is also available.

Finally, all sites have a cafe and/or shop for people who prefer to eat on-site rather than go to a local restaurant.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 3. You will hear a tutor talking to two business students called Philip and Janice about their research on managing individuals. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 23. Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 23.

TUTOR: Well, you've both been looking at different management styles in the workplace. How's the research going, Philip?

PHILIP: I've been looking at why individual differences are such an important area of management studies. Any organization, whether a family business or a multinational company, is essentially a group of people working together.

What individuals contribute through their ideas, attitudes, and learning experiences makes them extremely important.

TUTOR: So why do people behave differently at work?

PHILIP: Research suggests two main reasons: personality and gender. It's well known that men and wome often behave differently, and this also appears in the workplace.

TUTOR: Did you examine how this affects companies?

PHILIP: Yes. On the positive side, diversity encourages creativity, which benefits companies.

However, individual differences can also lead to conflict between employees and create management difficulties.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 24 to 30. Now listen and answer questions 24 to 30.

TUTOR: Thank you, Philip. The two key tasks are to identify individual talent and then utilize it effectively. Janice, you researched how to identify different talents. Is this easy for managers?

JANICE: Not really. Nowadays teamwork is very popular in organizations, but sometimes the importance of the individual employee is ignored.

Managers should look for employees who can take leadership and are willing to accept responsibility.

TUTOR: Many managers think encouraging individuality is too difficult.

JANICE: But managers must balance the needs of individuals with group cooperatio . Creative thinking is required to avoid workplace tensio .

TUTOR: What kind of employees should companies recruit?

JANICE: Recruitment is very important. Companies should look for people who can think independently and challenge traditional ideas.

However, many employers rely heavily on psychological tests to see whether someone is a problem solver or simply someone who follows instructions.

TUTOR: So is being a team player overrated?

JANICE: No. Employees must still learn the rules of the organization quickly. Nobody can ignore that.

TUTOR: How should managers encourage this behavior?

JANICE: Through rewards and incentives. When employees show the behavior expected by the organization, they should receive some recognitio .

This should happen especially at the beginning of employment so new recruits understand the organizational rules.

Also, incentives should be something employees truly value, not always just money.

TUTOR: Philip, you mentioned recognizing high-performing employees. What else should managers consider?

PHILIP: Managers must understand both their employees and the organizational culture.

In some organizations, creativity and individuality may not always be encouraged.

Managing people can be difficult, particularly during times of organizational change or when companies need to increase profits.

Managers sometimes must prioritize company profit over individual staff needs.

This can create stressful situations for everyone involved.

Managers must therefore learn to cope with high levels of personal stress while also supporting their staff.

TUTOR: Absolutely.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 4. You will hear part of a lecture about cave paintings and other types of rock art. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

SPEAKER: Good afternoon everyone. This is the first seminar in preparation for our archaeological fieldwork in Namibia.

We are very fortunate to have received research funding for this trip from our institute, so I expect full attentio and participatio from you all.

In the first part of this seminar I will introduce contemporary research on rock art. In the second part I will explain the rules for our field trip in April.

First, let us focus on the interpretation of rock art in Namibia.

We are visiting an area that contains some of the most important rock art sites in the world.

It is also a good example of how easy it is to misunderstand cultures different from our ow .

In Namibia there are both rock paintings and engravings. Engravings are images made by cutting into the rock surface.

Many engravings show animal footprints.

Earlier researchers believed these images were used like a teaching book to help children learn animal tracks.

However, several mysteries challenge this idea.

Firstly, the same tracks are often repeated many times. If they were teaching tools, one clear example would be enough.

Secondly, some animal engravings are very realistic, while others appear unrealistic.

Some of the unrealistic animals even appear half huma , sometimes with human faces.

Many modern researchers believe these were images created by spiritual leaders or wise me .

They may have believed they could use magic to control the animals represented in the rock art, helping hunters catch them for food.

This example shows the danger of interpreting another culture using the assumptions of our own culture.

Today many scholars believe rock art had a far more complex meaning than simple teaching.

Now I would like to discuss some important rules for fieldwork.

During our trip we will visit several archaeological sites, and sometimes you may explore them independently.

The biggest problem for site managers is damage caused by visitors, even when it is unintentional.

Often it is better to observe from a distance rather than walk directly across the site.

Even small actions repeated by thousands of visitors can cause serious damage.

You must also follow several basic rules.

We will have a camp near a local village, but you must never camp on an archaeological site.

This may be disrespectful to the local culture.

You must also never light fires, because the environment is very dry and fires could destroy undiscovered archaeological material.

The correct way to study rock art is by observing, drawing, and photographing it.

You must never touch or trace the rock art.

Rock art is extremely fragile and valuable.

Climbing on rocks or inside caves can destroy artwork that has survived for centuries.

Also remember not to move rocks or branches when taking photographs.

You must leave every site exactly as you found it.

If you want more information about rock art around the world, you can find useful resources on the Internet.

Now I would like to open the floor for our discussio .

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.