ANNOUNCER: Section 1. You will hear a man interviewing a woman in the street about her use of transport. First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you.

INTERVIEWER: Excuse me.

LUISA: Yes?

INTERVIEWER: I wonder if you could spare a few minutes to do a survey on transport. It won't take long.

LUISA: No, that's fine.

INTERVIEWER: The survey is on behalf of the local council. They want to know about the transport people use and any suggestions for improvement. Can I ask how you travelled to town today?

LUISA: I came by bus.

ANNOUNCER: The woman travelled to town by bus, so bus has been written in the space. Now we shall begin.

ANNOUNCER: You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5.

INTERVIEWER: Excuse me.

LUISA: Yes?

INTERVIEWER: I wonder if you could spare a few minutes to complete a transport survey.

LUISA: That's fine.

INTERVIEWER: Can I begin by asking how you travelled to town today?

LUISA: I came by bus.

INTERVIEWER: Great. Now can I take a few personal details? What is your name?

LUISA: It's Luisa Hardie.

INTERVIEWER: Could you spell your surname please?

LUISA: Yes, H-A-R-D-I-E.

INTERVIEWER: And your address?

LUISA: 19 White Stone Road.

INTERVIEWER: That's in Bradfield, isn't it?

LUISA: Yes, that's right.

INTERVIEWER: And the postcode?

LUISA: It's GT82LC.

INTERVIEWER: Thank you. Could I ask about your occupatio ? Are you a student?

LUISA: No, I've just finished my training. I'm a hairdresser.

INTERVIEWER: Finally in this section, what is your reaso for coming into town today?

LUISA: Normally it would be shopping, but today it's to see the dentist.

INTERVIEWER: Thank you.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the interview, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10. Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.

INTERVIEWER: Now we'd like some suggestions about improving transport facilities in the city.

LUISA: One thing I've noticed is that when I walk home after a late shift, the street lighting isn't very good.

INTERVIEWER: That's a useful point.

LUISA: Also, the number of footpaths has been reduced. There should be more so people would walk more.

LUISA: And there aren't enough trains. You often have to wait a long time.

INTERVIEWER: Thank you. Now about cycling. The council wants more people to cycle to work.

LUISA: At my workplace there isn't a safe place to leave a bicycle.

LUISA: Also, the route is uphill, and on a hot day I'd arrive very sweaty, so I would need a shower at work.

LUISA: And finally, I would feel more confident cycling if there was some training offered for riding on busy roads.

INTERVIEWER: That's very helpful. Thank you for your time.

LUISA: No problem. Goodbye.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 1. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 2. You will hear a representative of a city council giving information about two new facilities opening soon in the city. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.

SPEAKER: Good morning. I'm very pleased to have this opportunity to talk about two exciting new developments in the city – the Brackenside Open-air Swimming Pool and the children's adventure playground in Central Park.

SPEAKER: As many of you know, the idea for these initiatives came from public consultatio carried out by the City Council last year. The projects were funded by the SWRDC – South West Regional Development Commissio .

SPEAKER: First of all, the Brackenside Pool. Older residents may remember that there used to be an open-air pool on the seafront about 30 years ago, but it closed because it was considered unsafe.

SPEAKER: The design of the new heated pool was created by internationally renowned architect Ellen Wendo . She combined a charming 1930s desig with modern features.

SPEAKER: One of the most impressive features is a recycling system – the only one of its kind in the world – which allows seawater to be used in the pool.

SPEAKER: There has been discussion in the local press about whether the pool would have enough capacity for visitors. However, thorough checks have confirmed that the design can accommodate the expected numbers.

SPEAKER: The pool is scheduled to open on June 15, and construction has stayed within budget, thanks to the work of local contractors Hickman's.

SPEAKER: At the opening ceremony, award-winning actress Coral White will officially open the pool. There will also be drinks and snacks available.

SPEAKER: Visitors will also be invited to take part in a competitio to decide which historical figure from the city will be represented by a sculpture at the entrance.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.

SPEAKER: Now let's move on to the Central Park playground, which has just won the Douglas Award for safety.

SPEAKER: The playground design is based on the concept of the Global Village. It is divided into six themed areas, each representing a different part of the world.

SPEAKER: In the Asia section, children can play on equipment shaped like animals such as snakes, orangutans and tigers, reflecting wildlife from Asian forests.

SPEAKER: In the Antarctic area, there are climbing blocks shaped like mountains.

SPEAKER: The South America section is based on the legend of El Dorado, with games that simulate searching for precious stones.

SPEAKER: For North America, the theme chosen was space exploratio , including models of rockets and the International Space Statio .

SPEAKER: In Europe, the playground features medieval castles and other fortifications.

SPEAKER: Finally, the Africa section includes mosaics and trails representing the continent's great rivers.

SPEAKER: The Global Playground will officially open on July 10. We hope as many people as possible will attend and enjoy this new facility.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 3. You will hear two anthropology students called Victor and Olivia discussing their joint presentation about a Norwegian explorer called Thor Heyerdahl. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24. Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.

VICTOR: Right, well, for our presentation, shall I start with the early life of Thor Heyerdahl?

OLIVIA: Sure. Why don't you begin by describing the type of boy he was? Especially his passion for collecting things.

VICTOR: That's right. He even had his own little museum. And it was unusual because he developed his own interests rather than joining in his parents' hobbies. For example, he refused to go hunting with his father.

OLIVIA: Yes. Instead, he preferred learning about nature by listening to his mother reading to him. Quite early he decided he wanted to become an explorer.

VICTOR: I think that idea actually came from his interest in climbing when he was young.

OLIVIA: After university he married a classmate. Together they decided to live on a remote island to see how harsh weather affects people's lifestyle.

VICTOR: Before leaving, they prepared by learning survival skills, such as how to build a shelter. They planned to live in a wild and isolated locatio .

OLIVIA: An important part of your talk should be the radical theory Heyerdahl formed after examining mysterious ancient carvings he found on the island.

VICTOR: OK, I'll finish my section with that.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30. Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.

OLIVIA: After that I'll talk about Heyerdahl's adult life and his theory about Polynesian migratio . Until then, academics believed people reached Polynesia from Asia in the west.

VICTOR: Yes, because they thought travelling from the east was impossible due to the huge Pacific Ocea .

OLIVIA: But Heyerdahl studied cloud movements, ocean currents, and wind patterns to see if such travel could actually happen.

VICTOR: Some scholars also argued that eastern cultures had no tradition of building large ships. But Heyerdahl knew they used canoes for coastal journeys.

OLIVIA: And he later demonstrated the possibility by making a long raft voyage.

VICTOR: Yes, that journey was very dangerous. Some people thought he did it to show he could have exciting adventures.

OLIVIA: I think he simply wanted to test his theory about migration.

VICTOR: During World War II, he had to stop his work for several years.

OLIVIA: When he resumed his research and planned the Kon-Tiki voyage, he was determined to use only ancient techniques and local materials to build the raft.

VICTOR: The journey from South America to the Pacific Islands took 97 days.

OLIVIA: Later he travelled to Easter Island to study the famous stone carvings and even attempted to make one himself.

VICTOR: Although many of his theories were later disproved, he left a strong impact on fields such as archaeology and anthropology.

OLIVIA: Yes, especially the idea of practical archaeology, where researchers recreate historical experiences to understand the past.

VICTOR: For our presentation I'll add a PowerPoint slide acknowledging our sources. I mainly used the book The Life and Work of Thor Heyerdahl by William Oliver.

OLIVIA: I agree, the topic is quite complex, but the book explains it well.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 4. You will hear a business student predicting how management might change in the next few years. First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

SPEAKER: I've been talking to managers in a number of businesses and reading surveys about the future of management. In this seminar I'll present some ideas about how management may change in the next 10 years. This isn't a scientific analysis, just some ideas for discussion.

SPEAKER: One major area is business markets. We will probably see a big increase in global competitio , with companies from many countries selling similar products. Consumers will have far more choice.

SPEAKER: For example, food sold in Australia might be produced in the USA, China, Finland, or many other countries.

SPEAKER: At the same time, mergers and takeovers mean governments are losing some power to large global corporations. Some companies now have enormous influence.

SPEAKER: Another important factor is the rapid growth of economies such as India, China, Brazil and Russia. Demand in these countries is increasing quickly, which puts pressure on global resources.

SPEAKER: Businesses are becoming more open to external influences. Companies increasingly consult customers before making decisions. Instead of producing goods first and then trying to sell them, businesses now try to find out exactly what customers want.

SPEAKER: Environmental concerns will also influence management decisions. Companies may need to extend product life cycles to reduce pollutio and waste, and in some cases stronger regulatio will be required.

SPEAKER: Many societies are becoming more democratic, and company structures are changing to reflect this. There will probably be greater emphasis on team-based work.

SPEAKER: Teams may be formed for a specific project, and once the project is finished the team will be disbanded and new teams created.

SPEAKER: Many people now see work as only one part of their lifestyle. In some countries the workforce is shrinking, so companies must compete to attract employees.

SPEAKER: Businesses may offer benefits such as flexible working hours and remote working. Advances in technology allow employees to work from home or even from other countries.

SPEAKER: Management styles will also change. Senior managers will need strong leadership skills so their organizations can adapt to a fast-changing world.

SPEAKER: Currently many senior managers are men in their 50s or 60s. However, management will likely become more consultative and collaborative, partly because more wome are entering senior positions.

SPEAKER: Economic developments are also important. Traditionally businesses focused on manufacturing, but now the service sector and intellectual property (IP) play an increasing role.

SPEAKER: Books and films, for example, can generate huge income from related DVDs, music, games, and clothing.

SPEAKER: Finally, another trend is the growth of self-employment. Many people prefer working independently to gain greater freedom and control over their lives.

SPEAKER: OK, that's all I want to say for now, so let's open the topic for discussio .

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.