ANNOUNCER: Section 1. You will hear a man asking for information about health services in the area where he lives. First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 6. You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only, the conversation relating to this will be played first.

ANNOUNCER: The woman says the doctor at the Harvey clinic is called Doctor Gree . So Gree has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 6.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10. Now listen and answer questions 7 to 10.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 1. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 2. You will hear a man who owns a holiday home talking on the phone to a woman staying there. First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 13. Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 13.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 14 to 20. Now listen and answer questions 14 to 20.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 3. You will hear a conversation between an English teacher called Paul and a former student called Kira. First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 25. Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 25.

ANNOUNCER: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 26 to 30. Now listen and answer questions 26 to 30.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers.

ANNOUNCER: Section 4. You will hear a talk about a project on wildlife found in city gardens in Britai . First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

SPEAKER: Good morning. Today I'd like to present the findings of our Year 2 project on wildlife found in city gardens.

SPEAKER: I'll begin by talking about the background of the project, then explain our research methods, and finally present some interim findings.

SPEAKER: The topic came up during a discussion among our group of four students. Two members mentioned seeing increasing numbers of sparrow hawks in their city centre gardens.

SPEAKER: These are one of Britain's most interesting birds of prey, and we wondered why they were appearing more often in urban areas.

SPEAKER: This led us to explore why wild animals are increasingly choosing city gardens when the countryside seems to be becoming less suitable for them.

SPEAKER: First, we calculated how much urban land is occupied by private gardens. Our estimate was about one-fifth, and official land survey data confirmed it was 24%.

SPEAKER: Informal discussions with neighbours and friends also revealed that many people had interesting experiences with wildlife sightings.

SPEAKER: So we carried out a survey of garden owners from different parts of the city.

SPEAKER: More than 100 participants completed a survey every two weeks for 12 months.

SPEAKER: They recorded species they saw using a standard list and added any rare species.

SPEAKER: At the same time, our group conducted direct observations in selected city gardens.

SPEAKER: We deliberately chose small gardens, because they are the most typical in urban environments.

SPEAKER: Our aim was to study the normal situatio , not unusual examples.

SPEAKER: Alongside this research, we also read many books about the decline of wildlife in rural areas.

SPEAKER: Our results produced a lot of data, but today I'll discuss only three species that illustrate important trends.

SPEAKER: The first species is frogs. Their numbers increase where there is suitable water.

SPEAKER: Garden ponds are becoming more common, while rural ponds are disappearing.

SPEAKER: As a result, frogs are migrating to towns.

SPEAKER: The second species is hedgehogs. They survive better in cities because their predators remain mainly in rural areas.

SPEAKER: We recorded many sightings, so we were able to count their populatio quite accurately.

SPEAKER: The final species is the song thrush, one of the finest singing birds.

SPEAKER: Although declining in the countryside, it is increasing in urban gardens.

SPEAKER: One reason is that gardeners now grow a wide variety of plants, providing plenty of seeds for birds to eat.

SPEAKER: Another factor is the availability of nesting places, which are often better in gardens than in the countryside.

SPEAKER: Interestingly, a new large-scale song thrush survey is about to begin, so watch out for it.

SPEAKER: Now, I'd be happy to answer any questions.

ANNOUNCER: That is the end of Section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers.